初二的英语单词用法

1. 初二的英语单词用法

keep (sb) ai it 继续做    keep doing 
make to do           make as if to do 好像要做       make up  化妆
let sb do      let sb be 不打扰某人    let  sth go 不理睬   let alone 当然不会
help sb (to) do      give sb a helping hand        help sb out   摆脱困境
enjoy  doing
want sb to do 
wish sb to do 
hope+从句
encarage sb to do 
tell sb to do 
ask sb to do 
practice doing 
finish doing 
would like to do 
like/love doing 
remember/forget  to do /doing 
stop to do /doing 
try to do /doing 
advice sb to do
give up doing 
had better do

2. 初二英语词汇用法

英语常用句型 
  1. 否定句型 
  1) 一般否定句 
  I don't know this. No news is good news. 
  There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house. 
  2)特指否定 
  He went to his office, not to see him. 
  I am sorry for not coming on time. 
  I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 
  3)部分否定 
  All the answers are not right//All is not gold that glitters 
  I don't know all of them.//I can't see everybody/everything. 
  Both of them are not right. 
  4)全体否定 
  None of my friends smoke.//I can see nothing/nobody. 
  Neither of them is right.//Nothing can be so simple as this. 
  5) 延续否定 
  You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. 
  You don't know, I don't know either. 
  He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说) French. 
  6) 半否定句 
  We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. 
  I know little English. I saw few people. 
  7) 双重否定 
  You can't make something out of nothing.//What's done cannot be undone. 
  There is no sweet without sweat.//No gain without pains. 
  I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. 
  No man is so old but (that) he can learn. 
  8)排除否定 
  Everyone is ready except you.//He did nothing but play. 
  But for your help, I couldn't do it. 
  9)加强否定 
  I won't do it at all.//I can't see it any more.//He is no longer a boy. 
  2. 判断句型 
  1) 一般判断句 
  It is important for us to learn English. 
  It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest. 
  The boy is called/named Tom. 
  We regarded/consider it as an honor. 
  2)强调判断 
  It is English that we should learn.//It is he who helped me a lot. 
  3)弱式判断 
  Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right. 
  You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before. 
  Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill. 
  He is probably ill.//He is likely ill. //It is possible that he is late 
  4) 注释判断 
  He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典) 
  5) 正反判断 
  That sounds all right, but in fact it is not. 
  6) 比较判断 
  It is more a picture than a poem. 
  7) 互斥判断 
  He or you are wrong. Either he is right or I am. 
  3. 祝愿祁使句式 
  1) 一般句式 
  Study hard and keep fit. Be brave! Don't be shy! Get out of here. 
  2)强语式 
  Do tell me. Never tell a lie. 
  3) 委婉祈使句 
  Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Won't do me a favor? 
  Would/Do you mind my smoking? What/How/ about going on foot? 
  4)建议祈使句 
  Let us go. Let us know the time. Don't let the fire out. 
  Let's not waste the time. You'd better start early. 
  Shall we listen to some music? Why don't you get something to drink? 
  Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six? 
  I suggest we (should) take the train. 
  5)祝愿句 
  Success to you! //Wish you a good journey. 
  May you have a happy marriage. //Here's to your success! 
  Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship! 
  4. 感叹句型 
  How well he speaks! //How kind she is! //What a nice weather it is! 
  Here he comes! //Such is life! //Wonderful! // Help! 
  5. 疑问句型 
  1) 一般疑问句 
  Is he a doctor?//Do you the way to the station? 
  2)反意疑问句 
  He is a teacher, isn't he?//It is quite cheap, don't you think? 
  3) 特殊疑问句 
  What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare? 
  Who is he? What is he?(干什么的)//What is he like? // How is he? 
  How do you like him? //What do you think of him? 
  What ever do you mean by saying this? 
  4)选择疑问句 
  He is a doctor or a nurse? 
  5)间接疑问句 
  Do you know how old he is? //Tell me if (whether) you like it. 
  What do you think/say/suppose I should do? 
  6. 数词句型 
  1) 表数目 
  It is exactly ten o'clock.//It is five miles away from here. 
  He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20. 
  He is under/at most/no more than 20. 
  2)表年月日 
  He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1. 
  3)表年龄 
  He is 20 years old/years of age.//He is at the age of 10. 
  4)表倍数 
  It is four times that of last years. 
  This is four times as big (again) as that one. 
  This is four times bigger than that one. 
  The income is double what it was. 
  The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998. 
  5)表计量 
  It is 10 meters long/wide/high.//It costs me 100 yuan. 
  I spent 10 hours to finish it.//It took me 10 days to finish it. 
  It is worth 100 yuan. 
  7. 关联指代句型 
  1)两项关连 
  I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English. 
  I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English. 
  To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another. 
  One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend. 
  Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 
  2)先后顺序 
  First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything. 
  First stop, then look, finally cross. 
  At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent. 
  3)修饰限制 
  This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 
  This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书) 
  Don't trust such a man as over praise you. 
  He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear. 
  A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much. 
  The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world. 
  4) 两项连接 
  He can speak not only English but also French. 
  The book is both interesting and instructive. 
  It is neither cold nor hot. 
  Please either come in or go out. 
  The old worker has experience and knowledge as well. 
  5)加和关系 
  Besides literature, we have grammar and writing. 
  Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air. 
  In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses. 
  I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book. 
  You seem to like tea, so do I. 
  8. 比较句型 
  1)等比句 
  He is as tall as I. // He is the same height as I. 
  She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage. 
  2) 差比句 
  I speak English worse than he does.//He is not so/as tall as I am. 
  Our knowledge is much inferior to their. 
  3) 极比句 
  He is the tallest of all in the class. 
  None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see. 
  Nothing is so easy as this. 
  4)比例句 
  The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知). 
  5) 择比句 
  He is taller than any other boy in the class 
  It is better late than never.//They would die than live as slaves 
  He prefers doing to talking//He prefers to do rather than to talk. 
  He prefers mathematics to English.//I'd rather stay here. 
  6)对比句 
  You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy. 
  They are working hard while you are wasting your time. 
  9. 比喻句型 
  We must work like him.//He behaves as his father does. 
  He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner. 
  10. 条件假设句 
  1) 一般事实 
  If we succeed, what will the people say? 
  Suppose it rains, what shall we do? 
  Persevere(坚持) and you'll succeed. 
  2)虚拟条件句 
  If I were you, I would go.//If you had seen it, you would have been moved. 
  3)反条件句 
  Unless you try, you'll never succeed.//Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot. 
  4)唯一条件句 
  If only I have another chance, I shall do better. 
  Only in this way can we learn English well. 
  So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed. 
  5)推论条件句 
  Since that is so, there is no more to say. 
  Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior. 
  11. 时间句型 
  1)一般时 
  When I see him, I'll tell him. 
  2) 表同时 
  You'll grow wiser as you grow older. 
  Work while you work, play while you play. 
  He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music. 
  3)限制时 
  Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out. 
  By the time that we got there, he was out. 
  4)交替时 
  Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances. 
  At one time the baby cries, at another it talks. 
  5)先时 
  I stopped hem before he began to talk with me. 
  6)后时 
  I'll tell you after I finish it. 
  7)紧接时 
  As soon as I see him, I'll tell him. 
  Once you begin, you must continue. 
  The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him. 
  On hearing the news, she bust into tears. 
  Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering. 
  8)延续时 
  I haven't seen him since I came here. 
  A friend is never know till/until a man have need. 
  12. 地点句型 
  1) 一般地点 
  Where have you been? 
  Where there is a will, there is a way. 
  2)方位 
  Hebei lies in the east of China. 
  Japan is lies to the east of China. 
  The house faces (to) the south. 
  He is sitting at the front of the classroom 
  He is standing in front of/before me. 
  He is sitting at the back of/behind me. 
  He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom. 
  He is sitting next to/besides me. 
  He is sitting close to/near me. 
  At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books. 
  He is sitting on the left/right. 
  The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain. 
  13. 原因句型 
  He didn't go to school because he was ill. 
  Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting. 
  It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet. 
  Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home. 
  I am glad to meet you. 
  I am sorry that I hear that. 
  Thank you for your help. 
  That is why he failed to come. 
  He didn't come because of/on account of the weather. 
  He went out of curiosity. 
  I succeeded thanks to his help. 
  This failure is due to the fact they lack experience. 
  Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled. 
  What are studying English for? 
  For what reason did you choose this? 
  What's the point of asking his to do that? 
  How come you never told me about it? 
  What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled. 
  14. 目的句型 
  He stopped aside so that she could go in. 
  He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly. 
  He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises. 
  He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake. 
  15. 结果句型 
  It was very cold, so that the river froze. 
  They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully. 
  He is such a good man that every one likes him. 
  He ran so fast that no one could catch him. 
  He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. 
  I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold. 
  16. 程度句型 
  How often do you write to your parents? 
  How long do you stay at home? 
  It is so beautiful that we all love it. 
  It is too big for you. 
  He is too excited to speak. 
  He is not old enough to know this. 
  The letter must be sent as soon as possible 
  You must work as hard as you can. 
  As far as I know, I can speak only English. 
  17. 让步句型 
  Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesn't show off. 
  Yang as he is, he know a lot of things. 
  Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud. 
  No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it. 
  Keep calm, whatever happens. 
  In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. 
  Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end. 
  18. 转折句型 
  I searched everywhere but could not find him. 
  You may go, only return quickly. 
  He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery. 
  It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. 
  He is still young, yet he is high up in the position. 
  He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though. 
  19. 省略句 
  I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so. 
  Why not come earlier next time? 
  奶奶,您这范围定的可真够“小”的!

3. 初二英语单词及语法知识总结

4. 初二英语几个重点语法

一. 知识点总结：
（一）
一般将来时
    一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
    be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. 
    will do 结构表示将来的用法：
  1. 表示预见
    Do you think it will rain? 
    You will feel better after a good rest. 
  2. 表示意图
    I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. 
    What will she do tomorrow? 
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
    （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? 
    （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? 
    Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
    否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do
    Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 
    特殊疑问句构成：
    特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 
  根据例句，用will改写下列各句
    例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）
    I’ll be better tomorrow. 
  1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）
    _____________________________
  2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）
    _____________________________
  3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）
    _____________________________
  4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）
    _____________________________
  5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）
    _____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 
  2. I’ll sleep later. 
  3. They’ll buy one soon. 
  4. We’ll leave a little later. 
  5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. 

（二）should的用法：
    should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 
    例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 
    我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
    She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 
    她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
    Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games. 
    学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
    学习向别人提建议的几种句式：
    （1）I think you should…
    （2）Well, you could…
    （3）Maybe you should …
    （4）Why don’t you…? 
    （5）What about doing sth.? 
    （6）You’d better do sth. 
    用should或shouldn’t填空
  1. I can’t sleep the night before exams. 
    You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 
  2. Good friends ______ argue each other. 
  3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some. 
  4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier. 
  5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day. 
 答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should

（三）
过去进行时
    过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
  1. 构成
    was /were + doing，例如：
    I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night. 
    at 9 o’clock last night是时间点
    They were playing football all afternoon. 
    all afternoon是时间段
  2. 过去进行时的标志词
    at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：
    I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 
    昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
    At that time she was writing a book. 
    那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
  1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books. 
  2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party. 
  3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook. 
  4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon. 
  5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday. 
答案：1. was reading  2. were having  3. came; was reading
  4. was playing; was cooking  5. was having; called

（四）
间接引语
形成步骤：
    （1）不要逗号，冒号，引号
    （2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）
    （3）要考虑时态的变化
    （4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。
  1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
  2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律
直接引语
   1. am / is 
2. are
                 3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 间接引语
1. was
2. were
                3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
  1. She said I _____（be）hard-working. 
  2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday. 
  3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday. 
  4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later. 
  5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then. 
答案：1. was  2. was  3. went  4. might  5. was reading

请转述他人说的话：
  1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）
  2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）
  3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）
  4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）

（五）
if引导的条件状语从句
结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时
含义：如果……，将要……
例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 
    如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
    If need be, we’ll work all night. 
    如果需要，我们就干个通宵。
    根据中文提示，完成句子。
  1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。
    If you ________ the party, you __________. 
  2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。
    If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________. 
  3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。
    If you often ________, you _________________. 
答案：
  1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 
  2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic 
  3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English 

二. 完形填空特点及解题思路
（一）题型分类与特点
    完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。
  1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。
  2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。
（A）
    Jack wanted to ask for two days off,   1   he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“have a day off”. He   2  , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off,   3  ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to   4   at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off  5  ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you   6   it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here   7  , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help   8  . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly   9   a loud voice. “But you only   10   us‘have a day off! ’”
（    ）1. A. but   B. and   C. or   D. for
（    ）2. A. thought hardly
    B. thought hard and hard
    C. hard thought
    D. thought and thought
（    ）3. A. Miss  B. sir   C. teacher  D. Mr
（    ）4. A. strike  B. best   C. hit   D. knock
（    ）5. A. also  B. again   C. too   D. once
（    ）6. A. speak  B. tell   C. say   D. do
（    ）7. A. tomorrow
    B. the day after tomorrow
    C. yesterday
    D. the day before yesterday
（    ）8. A. laugh  B. to laugh  C. laughed  D. laughing
（    ）9. A. with  B. on   C. in    D. by
（    ）10. A. teach  B. taught   C. are teaching  D. were teaching

（B）
    请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
    A generation gap （代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other. 

完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：
  1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。
  2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
  3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
  4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：
  1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。
  2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。
  3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

（三）课文阅读指导
  1. 初中阅读
    阅读理解能力
    （1）理解主旨要义
    （2）理解文中具体信息
    （3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义
    （4）做出简单判断的推理
    （5）理解文章的基本结构
    （6）理解作者的意图和态度
  2. 培养良好阅读习惯
    （1）扩大视距
    （2）克服声读
    （3）克服逐字读
  3. 猜测词文
    （1）通过标题或主题句进行预测
    （2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。
    （3）通过语篇标记进行预测
    （4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。
    （5）利用背景知识预测
    （6）利用图片进行预测

5. 初二英语知识点

八年级英语重点总结
Module 1
一、语法
1. Why don’t you do ... ?
提建   2. Why not do ... ?                                      Thanks!
议的   3. You should (shouldn’t) do ... .             回答     Good!
表达   4. It’s a good idea to do ... .                         Excellent!
方式   5. Try (not) to do ... .
6. How about/ What about doing ... ?
二、重点句子
1. You should speak English in class.
2. You should write down your mistakes in your notebooks.
3. Why don’t you write down the correct spelling and grammar next to the      mistakes?
4. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?
5. Try not to translate every word.
6. Everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each other.
7. It’s a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.
Module 2~4
现在完成时：
1. 过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成了一定的影响和后果;
2. 结构：由助动词have/has +动词的过去分词构成；
肯定句
现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。
注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。
疑问句
现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。
回答：Yes, … have（has）．
No, … haven’t（hasn’t）．
否定句：
现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。
3. 现在完成时的时间状语:already, just, yet, since, ever, never；
4. 与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时是强调动作在过去发生，而现在完成时是强调过去发生的动作对 现在造成了影响和后果。
5.一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, just now, …ago, last week, 2 years ago,in 1980等。
例：
We  planted  (plant) some flowers in the garden last week.
I   have sent  (send) the letter.
He  has come   (come ) back home, he  is watching  (watch)  TV now.
David  finished  (finish) his homework just now.
The monkeys are full, because we  have fed  (feed) them.
A: I  have lost  (lose) my purse!
B. Bad luck! When  did  you  lose  (lose) it?
A: I  lost  (lose) it last night.
与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never
肯定句: already, just
疑问句和否定句: ever, yet, never
yet 常置于句末
already, never, ever just一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前．
例：用 already, just或never, yet完成句子
1) I have been to many big cities, but I have  never  been to Shanghai.
2) Most of us have  already  finished our compositions.
3) Have they taken down the old pictures  yet  ? No, not  yet  .
4) He has  already  visited Beijing twice.
5) I have  just  heard the news. I know it.
7. 现在完成时中的for和since
（1）for + 一段时间（用How long提问）
We have known each other for ten years. 我们相识10年了。
（2）since + 句子/具体时间
since 引导的短语或从句用How long提问
①since＋过去一个时间点（具体的年、月、日、钟点等）。
Tom has eaten nothing since yesterday.
②since + 一段时间＋ago
We have been friends since five months ago. 从5个月前起，我们就成了朋友。
③since+从句，表示“自过去某个时间、某件事情以来”，从句时态：一般过去时。
I have lived here since I left Shanghai.
④It is+一段时间＋since从句，表示“自从某件事发生已有一段时间了”。
It is two years since I left school.
8. 在含for或since引导的时间状语的现在完成时中，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。非延续性动词不能直接和for或since 连用。
leave --- be away                              die --- be dead
begin/start --- be on                          finish --- be over
come here --- be here                          go there --- be there
come back --- be back                          fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)               leave --- be away from
go (get) out --- be out                        open sth --- keep sth open
join --- be in+组织机构/be a member of+组织机构
fall ill ---  be ill                           get up --- be up
catch a cold --- have a cold                   borrow --- keep
buy --- have                                   get to know --- know
put on---wear
例：
1. The old man died 4 years ago.
The old man has been dead for 4 years.
2. It is 4 years since the old man died.
Four years has passed since the old man died.
3. He joined the Party 2 years ago.
He has been in the Party for 2 years.
4. I bought the book 5 days ago.
I have had the book for 5 days.

Module 5
反意疑问句：用于对某一事物或观点没有确切的把握，或者用于加强自己的观点。
陈述句＋简短的一般疑问句 [助动词/be动词/情态动词＋代词]

肯定或否定    与陈述句的主语一致
肯定         否定
否定         肯定
注意：
1.  反问部分的be动词，助动词或情态动词要与陈述句部分一致。
2.  陈述句与反问句在时态和人称上要一致。
3.  陈述句部分如果为否定句或含有否定意义的词（如：nothing，never, little, few等），反问句要用肯定式；陈述句部分如果式肯定句，反问部分要用否定式。
例：
He was not at home at that time, was he?
May listens to pops everyday, doesn’t she?
We know nothing about him, do we?
You haven’t heard of him, have you?
4.  当句子为祈使句时，反问句一般用will you，表示请求或建议对方作某事，询问对方是否愿意。
注：当祈使句为“Let’s ...”结构时，用shall we 反问。
Drive more slowly, will you?
Let’s walk out of the library quietly, shall we?
5.  回答：看陈述句的肯定部分，当事实为肯定时，用Yes；事实为否定时，用No。
当陈述句为否定句时，把否定部分忽略，只看肯定部分的意思。
Module 6
过去进行时
1.  基本概念
表示在过去某一具体时间内的某一持续性行为，即过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
常和表示过去时间的词组或从句连用。
2.  基本结构：be动词的过去式was/were＋现在分词
即：was/were＋doing
was用于第一人称及第三人称单数，were用于第二人称及复数。
3.  基本句型
肯定式：was/were + doing
I/She/He was working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2点到4点我/她/他一直都在农场里干活。
否定式：was/were + not+ doing
I/She/He wasn’t working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2点到4点我/她/他并不在农场里干活。
疑问式：把was/were放于句首。
—Were you/they working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock?
2点到4点你/你们/他们一直都在农场里干活吗？
—Yes, I was./Yes, we/they were.
是的，我/我们/他们在干活。
—No, I wasn’t./No, we/they weren’t.
不是，我/我们/他们并没有在干活。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
4.  基本用法
（1）表示过去某时间正在进行的动作或持续的行为，常和表过去的时间状语连用。
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
（2）可用来为另一个动作的发生提供背景。表示背景的句子通常用过去进行时，而另一个句子则用一般过去时。
He hurt his leg when he was riding a bike.
他在骑车时把腿摔坏了。
5. 现在进行时和过去进行时的区别
表示说话时正在进行的动作用现在进行时。
I am writing a letter now. (am/is/are+doing)
Look! They are waiting for you.
We  are working  ( work ) on a farm now.
Listen! Someone  is knocking  (knock) at the door.
Lucy  isn’t reading  ( not read) at the moment.
Where are they? They  are running  (run) outside.

表示过去某时正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。
My parents were watching TV at 8:30 yesterday evening.
I wasn’t doing my homework when he called me.
6. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
相同点：两者都表示过去发生的动作。
不同点：
过去时表示过去一个完成的动作。
过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，可能没有完成。
e.g. He read a book last night.
昨天晚上他读了一本书。（读完了）
He was reading a story book last night.
昨天晚上他正在读故事书。（还没有读完）
希望可以帮到您，望采纳

6. 初二英语必备单词，句型，短语

初二英语知识点复习(总结版)
1.
take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you 
bring: 带来
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.
keep + 名词 + 形容词

Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.
let / make / have sb do sth
让（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.
forget to do sth
忘记去做某事 
remember to do sth
记得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember doing sth
记得做过某事
5.
stop to do sth
停下来做另一件事情

stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth 
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start
to do sth 
6.
tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth. 
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.
see / hear / watch sb do sth
see
/ hear /
watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.
enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.
be busy with sth
;
be busy doing sth

They are all busy with their work.

10.
finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.
want
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth

would like
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth

feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.
had better do sth
否定形式：
had better not do sth

You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.


13.
Why not do sth ?
=
why don’t you do sth ?
=
Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?

14.
What about sth
/
what about doing sth ?
=
How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.
Thank you for sth /
Thanks for doing sth.
Thanks for your help.
------------
It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.
instead往往放在句首或句尾

instead of sth
/
instead of doing sth.
通常放中间
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park..
17.
put on 
强调动作
wear 强调状态

in 介词，构成一个短词
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.
在if 引导的条件状语从句、以when , before, after , as soon as 引导的时间状语从句, 当主句是：一般将来时态、含情态动词或祈使句的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain
=
it isn’t rainy
I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同样的情况还适用于not ---- until 句型

I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.
在以when
引导的时间状语从句, 当从句是一般过去时态时，主句往往用过去进行时,表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.
It’s time for sth /
It’s time to do sth /
It’s time for sb to do sth.
It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.
It takes /
It took /
It will take
somebody some time to do something.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.
it 作形式主语或形式宾语，其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to 的动词不定式:
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.
too ----
to 句型,
too ---- for sb to
do sth ----，对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the
tree
are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.


24.
enough 用法：形前名后， big enough
;
enough food
----- enough to do sth
足够-------能够-------
Jim is old enough to go to school. 
25.
little , a little 修饰不可数名词 ;
much 修饰不可数
few a few 修饰可数名词;
many 修饰可数
a little
a few 具有肯定含义little few 具有否定含义
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修饰不可数，也可以修饰可数名词；
There
is a little time left, take it easy.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （否定句中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.
much too 中心词是too, 常修饰形容词, 
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes. 
too much中心词是much, 常修饰不可数名词, 
There’s too much water,
please be careful..
27.

有关情态动词的问答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /
we
-----?
No, you needn’t. 

要注意could 和can的区别：could可表示语气的委婉，也表示过去的能力
Could you help me ?
Could she swim when she was four years old?
要注意must 和have to 的区别：must强调主观, have to 强调客观
要注意maybe和 may be的区别 ： maybe在句中作谓语
Maybe it’s here.
It may be here.
28.
不定代词：someone, anyone ; something , anything , nothing ; somebody , anybody, nobody. 
Something常用于肯定句和表示请求的疑问句中 ， anything用于否定句中和疑问句中，not anything = nothing
;

without anything =
with nothing
Would you like something to eat?

I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it .
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后面：
Be quiet! I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
29.
反身代词: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
要记住：一、二人称用物主，第三人称用宾格， 复数self要变selves
和反身代词有关的一些词组：enjoy oneself.
= have a good time.


learn by oneself,
leave one by oneself
She had to teach her son herself.
I don’t need your help, I can do it myself.
30.
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词：
What a strong wind!
It’s blowing strongly.
连系动词：be, feel, look, get,
turn , taste, smell, become,
+ 形容词作表语
31.
感叹句：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+ 主语+ 谓语！
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How + 形容词或副词 + 主语+ 谓语！
What a nice day it is ! 
What beautiful flowers they are!
How happily they are playing!
32.
反意疑问句：要注意前肯后否，前否后肯，要用be动词，助动词或情态动词来做，
要注意否定词：never, little, few, hardly ,nothing, nobody 等
祈使句的反意疑问句用：will you ?
以Let’s开头的反意疑问句用: shall we ?
She usually gets up at six, doesn’t she?
There’s little water in the bottle, is there?
Please take these
books to the office, will you?
You have never been to New York, have you?
33.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：要注意比较级和最高级的构成:
规则变化: 要双写的：big, fat, thin, red,

不规则变化：good,
bad,
far,
ill,

比较级用在：than ， 
a little + ，
much + , 
最高级用在：
of all, of the three, in his class, in the world等表示有范围的短语中，

one of + 最高级 + 可数名词的复数
34.
以so 引导的倒装句：表示-----也一样，也如此，前后主语要不一致，要通过be动词、助动词、情态动词来做:
I reached home at 9:00, so did my brother.
Canadians eat a lot of beef, so do Chinese people.
35.
either---or----, neither ---- nor ----
连接两个主语，谓语动词采用就近原则；
Either of ----或 Neither of ------谓语动词用单数；
Both of
------或 both
---- and -----谓语动词用复数
Both of them are Chinese.
Neither of them is Australian.
Neither Jim nor I am American.

7. 初二英语知识点

有点多啊
初二英语知识点复习(总结版)
1.
take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you 
bring: 带来
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.
keep + 名词 + 形容词
Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.
let / make / have sb do sth
让（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.
forget to do sth
忘记去做某事 
remember to do sth
记得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember doing sth
记得做过某事
5.
stop to do sth
停下来做另一件事情
stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth 
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start
to do sth 
6.
tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth. 
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.
see / hear / watch sb do sth
see
/ hear /
watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.
enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.
be busy with sth
;
be busy doing sth
They are all busy with their work.
10.
finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.
want
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
would like
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.
had better do sth
否定形式：
had better not do sth
You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.
13.
Why not do sth ?
=
why don’t you do sth ?
=
Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?
14.
What about sth
/
what about doing sth ?
=
How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.
Thank you for sth /
Thanks for doing sth.
Thanks for your help.
------------
It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.
instead往往放在句首或句尾
instead of sth
/
instead of doing sth.
通常放中间
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park..
17.
put on 
强调动作
wear 强调状态
in 介词,构成一个短词
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.
在if 引导的条件状语从句、以when , before, after , as soon as 引导的时间状语从句, 当主句是：一般将来时态、含情态动词或祈使句的情况下,从句用一般现在时表示将来时.
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain
=
it isn’t rainy
I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同样的情况还适用于not ---- until 句型
I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.
在以when
引导的时间状语从句, 当从句是一般过去时态时,主句往往用过去进行时,表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.
It’s time for sth /
It’s time to do sth /
It’s time for sb to do sth.
It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.
It takes /
It took /
It will take
somebody some time to do something.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.
it 作形式主语或形式宾语,其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to 的动词不定式:
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.
too ----
to 句型,
too ---- for sb to
do sth ----,对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the
tree
are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.
24.
enough 用法：形前名后, big enough
;
enough food
----- enough to do sth
足够-------能够-------
Jim is old enough to go to school. 
25.
little , a little 修饰不可数名词 ;
much 修饰不可数
few a few 修饰可数名词;
many 修饰可数
a little
a few 具有肯定含义little few 具有否定含义
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修饰不可数,也可以修饰可数名词；
There
is a little time left, take it easy.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （否定句中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.
much too 中心词是too, 常修饰形容词, 
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes. 
too much中心词是much, 常修饰不可数名词, 
There’s too much water,
please be careful..
27.
有关情态动词的问答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /
we
-----?
No, you needn’t. 
要注意could 和can的区别：could可表示语气的委婉,也表示过去的能力
Could you help me ?
Could she swim when she was four years old?
要注意must 和have to 的区别：must强调主观, have to 强调客观
要注意maybe和 may be的区别 ： maybe在句中作谓语
Maybe it’s here.
It may be here.
28.
不定代词：someone, anyone ; something , anything , nothing ; somebody , anybody, nobody. 
Something常用于肯定句和表示请求的疑问句中 , anything用于否定句中和疑问句中,not anything = nothing
;
without anything =
with nothing
Would you like something to eat?
I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it .
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后面：
Be quiet! I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
29.
反身代词: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
要记住：一、二人称用物主,第三人称用宾格, 复数self要变selves
和反身代词有关的一些词组：enjoy oneself.
= have a good time.
learn by oneself,
leave one by oneself
She had to teach her son herself.
I don’t need your help, I can do it myself.
30.
形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词：
What a strong wind!
It’s blowing strongly.
连系动词：be, feel, look, get,
turn , taste, smell, become,
+ 形容词作表语
31.
感叹句：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+ 主语+ 谓语!
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语!
How + 形容词或副词 + 主语+ 谓语!
What a nice day it is ! 
What beautiful flowers they are!
How happily they are playing!
32.
反意疑问句：要注意前肯后否,前否后肯,要用be动词,助动词或情态动词来做,
要注意否定词：never, little, few, hardly ,nothing, nobody 等
祈使句的反意疑问句用：will you ?
以Let’s开头的反意疑问句用: shall we ?
She usually gets up at six, doesn’t she?
There’s little water in the bottle, is there?
Please take these
books to the office, will you?
You have never been to New York, have you?
33.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：要注意比较级和最高级的构成:
规则变化: 要双写的：big, fat, thin, red,
不规则变化：good,
bad,
far,
ill,
比较级用在：than , 
a little + ,
much + , 
最高级用在：
of all, of the three, in his class, in the world等表示有范围的短语中,
one of + 最高级 + 可数名词的复数
34.
以so 引导的倒装句：表示-----也一样,也如此,前后主语要不一致,要通过be动词、助动词、情态动词来做:
I reached home at 9:00, so did my brother.
Canadians eat a lot of beef, so do Chinese people.
35.
either---or----, neither ---- nor ----
连接两个主语,谓语动词采用就近原则；
Either of ----或 Neither of ------谓语动词用单数；
Both of
------或 both
---- and -----谓语动词用复数
Both of them are Chinese.
Neither of them is Australian.
Neither Jim nor I am American.

8. 初二英语单词与句子必考

初二英语知识点总结 

1单元  snake robot 蛇形机器人
space station 太空站 seem possible 看起来可能
be able to (do) = can 能够 
the World Cup 世界杯 2单元
look for 寻找 keep out 不让……进入
in the future 在未来，在将来 pay for 付款
come true (梦想)成为现实 Teen Talk 青少年论坛
go skating 去滑冰 in style 时髦的，流行的
fall in love with… 爱上 out of style 过时的
hundreds of 好几百，许许多多 all kinds of 各种，多种
be free 免费 on the one hand (在)一方面
in 100 years (用于将来时) 一百年后 on the other hand (在)另一方面
be in high school 上中学 as…as possible  尽可能…地
live alone 独自居住  =as…as sb can
go swimming 去游泳 get on with… 与…相处，进展
see sb do sth 看见某人做… have a hair cut 理发
over and over again 一次又一次 part-time job 兼职工作
get bored 厌烦 call sb up=ring sb up 打电话给……
space rocket 太空火箭 on the phone 在通话
electric toothbrush 电动牙刷 What’s the matter (with)? 怎么了？
computer programmer 电脑程序员 What’s wrong (with)? 怎么了？
live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 the same as… 与……同样的
（书上重要表达）  complain about 抱怨……
will be… 将成为…… argue with… 与……争论
study on computer 在电脑上学习 surprise sb 使…惊奇
as a reporter 作为一名记者 borrow from… 向……借
keep a pet 养一只宠物 lend to… 把…借给…
during the week 在一周期间 find out 发现，找出
wear a suit (uniform) 穿西装（制服） except me 除了我
at the weekend 在周末 do wrong 做错事
on vacation 在假期 under too much pressure 承受太多压力
predict the future 预测未来 take part in 参加
the head of a company 公司负责人 compare …with… 把…和…比较
need to do sth 需要做某事 （书上重要表达）
job interview 求职面视 enough money 足够的钱
science fiction movie 科幻电影 write sb a letter 给某人写信
just like… 就像…… a ball game 一场球赛
help with +名词 帮助做某事 talk about… 谈论…话题
make sb do sth 使某人做…… say sorry to…  向…说对不起
It’s easy for sb to do sth 做某事很简单 have a bake sale 卖烤点
wake up 醒来 buy….for…. 为…买…
get a tutor 请家教 get out of the shower 洗完澡
be popular at school 在学校受欢迎 sleep late 睡懒觉
everyone else 其他每个人 buy a souvenir 买纪念品
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 go into=enter 进入
fail the test 考试不及格 call the police 报警
return= give back 归还 at around ten o’clock 在十点左右
have a fight with… 同…大吵、打架 shop assistant 售货员
give some advice 提建议 the Museum of Flight 飞行博物馆
busy enough 足够忙 take a photo 照相
not…until 直到……才 walk around 四处走走
nothing new 没什么新鲜的 police officer 警官
seem to do sth 好象要做某事 a car accident 车祸
push a lot more 逼得更紧 event in history 历史事件
a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈 in modern history 在现代史上
know about… 知道，了解…… everyday activity 日常活动
find it+形容词 to do sth 发现做某事很… at that time=then 在那时
think for oneself 为自己考虑 ask sb to do sth 叫…做某事
plan the life 计划生活 in silence=silently 沉默地
learn to do sth=study to do  学习做某事 be born 出生
a bit=a little 一点 have meaning to sb 对…有意义
organized activity 有组织的活动 national hero 民族英雄
by oneself 靠某人自己 
after-school club 课外俱乐部 4单元
  get over 克服、恢复
3单元  sea level 海平面
come in 进来 Chinese Young Pioneer 中国少年先锋队
World Trade Center (WTC) 世界贸易中心 do well in=be good at 在…方面擅长
as…as… 和……一样 pass on 传递
take place=happen 发生 first of all 首先
hear about 听说 report card 成绩单
take off 起飞；脱下 in good health 身体健康
get out 出去，离开 open up 打开
barber shop 理发店 be supposed to 被期待，被要求
run away 逃跑，跑掉 care for 照料，照顾
in front of 在…前面 senior high school 高中
in the front of 在…前部 the Ministry of Education 教育部
walk down the street 沿着街走 be mad at=be angry at 对……很生气
an unusual experience 一次不寻常经历 not…anymore 不再…
Beijing International Airport 北京国际机场 end-of-year exam 期末考试
in space 在太空中 have a favor 帮忙
all over the world 全世界 get nervous 变得紧张
train station 火车站 disappointing result 令人失望的结果
（书上重要表达）  copy one’s homework 抄袭作业
（书上重要表达）  play party games 玩聚会游戏
have a surprise party 举行惊喜派对 study for the test 为考试复习
drinks and snacks 饮料和零食 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
the next day 第二天 ID card 身份证
How is it going? 一切还好吗？ travel around the world 环球旅游
have a hard time with… 对…感到头痛 get an education 受教育
have a big fight 大吵一架 might seem like 似乎好象……
forget to do sth 忘记做…(没做) a dream job 理想的工作
It’s right for sb to do sth 做…是正确的 all over the world 全世界
start a bad habit 养成坏习惯 make life difficult 使生活变得困难
poor mountain village 贫困山区 get injured 受伤
change one’s life 改变…的生活 have a difficult time doing sth 做某事很难
the peking University 北京大学 real friend 真朋友
rural area 农村地区 in fact 事实上
make sb feel sick 使某人不舒服 class party 班会
agree with… 同意…… laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
need to do sth 需要做某事 dye the hair 染发
three times a day 一日三次 past tense 过去时
school dormitory 学校校舍 watch out 留神、小心
outside world 外界 
finish doing sth 完成做某事 6单元
volunteer teacher 志愿者老师 by the way  顺便说一句
mother earth 地球母亲 far (away) from… 距离…很遥远
be in danger 在危险之中 run out of 用完，用尽
  more than=over 比…多；多于
5单元和1-5单元复习  be interested in… 对……感兴趣
take away 拿走 the Olympic Games 奥运会
make a living 谋生 Hilltop School 山顶学校
around the world 全世界 raise money for charity 为慈善筹钱
all the time=always 总是，一直 a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋
mobile phone 移动电话，手机 go native 入乡随俗
in order to… 为了…… do (try) one’s best 尽某人最大努力
let in 允许进入 go together 相配；调和
remind …of… 使人想起…… let sb know 让某人知道
be hurt badly 严重受伤 inline skating 纵列式溜冰
make money 挣钱 probably=maybe=perhaps 也许
look up to 尊敬 have sth done(过去分词) (请别人)做某事
charity event 慈善事件 polar bear 北极熊
professional athlete 职业运动员 three and a half years 三年半
（书上重要表达）  
wear jeans 穿牛仔裤 （书上重要表达）
take a bus to…… 坐公车去…… collect the stamps 集邮
help sb do sth 帮助某人做…… skating marathon 滑冰马拉松
several=a few 几个 pay a big fine 赔款
be the first one to do sth 第一个做某事 throw away 扔掉
snow globe 雪球 argue about… 为……而争论
anyone else 其他任何人 sell out 卖完
start a club 建立一个俱乐部 five times the price 价格的5倍多
tell sb about… 告诉某人关于某事 （书上重要表达）
fly a kite 放风筝 do the dishes 洗碗
music video 音乐录影带 look terrible 看起来很糟糕
talent show 天才表演 move the car 挪挪汽车
Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江省 help…with(名词) 帮助某人做某事
colorful history 多彩的历史 finish the task 完成任务
European influence 欧洲风格的影响 clothing store 服装店
in Russian style 俄罗斯风格 order a hamburger 预订个汉堡包
Song Emperor 宋朝皇帝 shop assistant 售货员
western history 西方历史 follow sb around=go after sb 跟着某人转
The more…, the more… 越…，就越…… English-speaking country 说英语的国家
learn about… 学习…… social behavior 社交行为
have problem with… 在…上有问题 be useful to do sth 做某事很有用
  be close to… 靠近……
7单元  in all situations 在各种场合下
no problem 没问题 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服
wait in line 排队等候 even if 即使，就算
keep…down  压低声音，使缓和 be with sb 和…在一起
pick up 捡起 It’s better to do sth 最好做某事
break the rule 违反规则 public place 公共场合
take care=be careful 当心，小心 in public 在公共场所里
put out the cigarette 熄灭香烟 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做…
at first (反) at last, finally 首先(反)最终 see sb do(doing) sth 看见某人做…
cut in line 插队 give sb a suggestion 给某人提建议
turn down (up) 关小(开大) take the suggestion 接受建议
not at all 根本不；一点也不 drop litter 扔垃圾
Would you mind (not) doing sth 你介意(不)…吗？ 
Could you please (not) do sth 请(不要)…好吗 8单元
turn on/off 开（关） fall asleep 入睡，睡着
right away =in a minute 立刻 give away 赠送，分发
         =at once  make friends with sb 与……交朋友
at a meeting 在开会 hear of… 听说……
hair stylist 发型师，美容师 the Olympics 奥运会
get annoyed 变得气恼 the Olympic Committee 奥委会
get married 结婚 take an interest in… 对……感兴趣
get mad 变得激动 photo album 相册
get angry 变得生气 rather than… 胜于;(与其)，不如
happen to sb 某人发生某事 make progress 取得进步
these days=now 现在，目前 gone to… 已去某地(途中)
too…to… 太…以致于不能… get some exercise 锻炼
give up doing sth 放弃做某事 It takes forty minutes 花了40分钟
give…to… 给某人…… Neither have I=me neither 我也没有(去)
stage manner 舞台台风 get to=reach=arrive in(at) 到达
native speaker 说本族语的人 take a lesson=have a lesson 上课
learn by heart 用心记住 （书上重要表达）
look up (在书中)查询 water park 水上乐园
for a while 暂时，一会儿 space museum 太空博物馆
an 80-year-old grandmother 一位80岁的外婆 take the subway 坐地铁
China Radio International 中国国际广播电台 Mickey mouse 米老鼠
（书上重要表达）  Donald Duck 唐老鸭
get sb sth=buy sth for sb 给某人买…… Disney character 迪士尼卡通人物
How about=what about ……怎么样？ theme park 主题公园
Why don’y you do sth? 为什么不做…呢 be themed with… 被冠以…主题
Why not do sth? （同上） walk around 四处走走
special enough 足够特别 Disney Cruise  迪士尼巡游
pot-bellied pig named Connie 取名叫科尼尔的猪 take a ride 搭乘……
eat a lot 吃得多 just like… 就像，正如
keep a pet 养宠物 take different route 走不同线路
pay for=spend for 为……付钱 exchange student 交换生
learn to do sth=study to do 学习做某事 flight attendant 空中乘务员
improve English 提高英语 language school 语言学校
enter a contest 参加比赛 such as=for example 例如
as well as… 和……一样好 listening skill 听力技巧
age group 年龄组 Southeast Asia 东南亚
win the prize 赢得奖金 take a holiday 度假
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 have problem doing sth 做某事有困难
have fun with… 做…很有乐趣 foreign country 外国
find out 找出，发现 during the daytime 在白天
find a way to do sth 找到做某事的方法 wake up 醒来，唤醒某人
  be awake 醒着的
9单元  natural environment 自然环境
end up 结束 It’s best to do sth 做好做某事
on board 在船上 10单元
have a great time 玩得愉快 look through 浏览
amusement park 娱乐园 come along=appear 出现，发生
tour guide 导游 get along=get on with… 相处
three quarters 四分之三 at least (反) at most 至少(反)最多
Night Safari 夜间野生动物园 have a small talk=chat 闲聊
all year around 全年，一年到头 opening question 开场白问题
roller coaster 过山车 thank-you note 感谢信
(ever) been to… 曾经去过某地 cross the busy street 穿越繁忙的大街
have a wonderful time 过得愉快 show sb around 带某人参观某地
be friendly to sb 对某人友好 show the way 指路
be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事 have a hard time doing 做某事很困难
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 make it easy to do sth 使做某事容易
have a family dinner 家庭聚餐 go with sb 同某人一起去
look both side 看两边 win the game 赢得比赛
（书上重要表达）  dining room 食堂、饭厅
Franklin Lake 弗兰克林湖 holiday job 假期短工
by noon 到中午之前 review=go over 复习
I hope so 但愿如此 opposite word 反义词
wait to do sth 等着做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事
baby sister=younger sister 妹妹 meet friends 会见朋友
feel like doing=want to do sth 想做某事